Advanced Mathematic

Calorie

Calorie     : The heat needed to raise 1 degree Celsius in 1 gram water

Joule        :  SI Unit for Energy, 1 Calorie is equal to 4.184 Joules

Enthalpy and Enthropy

https://alevelchemistry.co.uk/notes/enthalpy-and-entropy/
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/BGH/enthalpy.html

Hukum termodinamika

• Hukum pertama: Energi kekal, tidak dapat diciptakan maupun dimusnahkan.
• Hukum kedua: Dalam suatu sistem yang terisolasi, proses alami bersifat spontan apabila menyebabkan peningkatan ketidakteraturan, atau entropi.
• Hukum ketiga: Entropi kristal sempurna adalah nol ketika suhu kristal sama dengan nol mutlak (0 K).

Entalpi

Entalpi adalah kandungan panas suatu sistem. Seperti yang kita ketahui, panas dapat masuk atau keluar dari sistem. Jika sistem ini merupakan reaksi kimia, perubahan panas disebut perubahan entalpi. Mengetahui apakah entalpi sistem meningkat atau menurun selama reaksi kimia merupakan faktor penting untuk memahami apakah reaksi tersebut dapat terjadi. Perubahan entalpi sistem selama reaksi kimia didefinisikan sebagai perubahan energi internalnya ditambah perubahan hasil kali tekanan dan volume sistem:

Rumus ΔH = ΔE + Δ( PV )

dimana

ΔH       = perubahan entalpi
Δ E       = perubahan energi internal
Δ ( PV) = perubahan Tekanan x Volume sistem

Karena entalpi merupakan fungsi keadaan dan bergantung pada perubahan antara keadaan awal dan akhir, maka berdasarkan hal ini, kita dapat mendefinisikan dua jenis reaksi kimia: eksotermik dan endotermik.

Reaksi eksotermik adalah reaksi yang melepaskan kalor dan melepaskan energi ke lingkungan. Dalam jenis reaksi ini, entalpi produk lebih rendah daripada entalpi reaktan dan akibatnya perubahan entalpi atau ∆H bernilai negatif.

Reaksi endotermik adalah reaksi yang melibatkan penyerapan kalor dari lingkungan sekitar. Di sini, entalpi produk lebih tinggi daripada entalpi reaktan dan perubahan entalpi atau '∆H' bernilai positif.

Entalpi suatu reaksi dapat dihitung sebagai berikut:

∆H = ∑ nH produk -∑ mH reaktan

di mana 

n = koefisien produk
m = koefisien reaktan
∑ = jumlah dari

Selain itu, perbedaan antara ∆H dan ∆E untuk suatu sistem kecil untuk reaksi yang hanya melibatkan cairan dan padatan karena, seperti yang dapat Anda bayangkan, hanya ada sedikit perubahan dalam volume sistem selama reaksi berlangsung. Namun, perbedaan ini dapat menjadi signifikan untuk reaksi yang melibatkan gas, jika ada perubahan dalam jumlah mol gas selama reaksi berlangsung.

Entropi

Entropi mengacu pada ukuran tingkat ketidakteraturan dalam sistem termodinamika. Entropi diukur dalam satuan joule per kelvin (J/K) dan dilambangkan dengan simbol 'S'. Untuk setiap proses spontan, entropi sistem harus meningkat. Entropi juga dihitung dalam bentuk perubahan dan didefinisikan dengan rumus berikut:

∆S = ∆Q / T

di mana:

ΔS = perubahan entropi
ΔQ = perubahan kandungan panas sistem
T = suhu sistem

Persamaan ini berlaku untuk proses yang secara termodinamika reversibel.

Ludwig Boltzmann mendefinisikan entropi sebagai ukuran jumlah kemungkinan konfigurasi mikroskopis atom dan molekul sesuai dengan keadaan makroskopis sistem. Hal ini dapat dijelaskan dengan persamaan berikut:

S = KB di W

di mana,
S = entropi gas ideal

KB = konstanta Boltzmann

W = jumlah keadaan mikro yang sesuai dengan keadaan makro tertentu

Berdasarkan definisi ini, zat padat memiliki entropi terendah karena struktur kristalnya lebih teratur; zat cair memiliki entropi menengah karena lebih teratur daripada gas tetapi kurang teratur daripada zat padat; Gas diketahui memiliki entropi tertinggi karena paling tidak teratur.
Hubungan antara entalpi dan entropi

Untuk mendefinisikan hubungan yang ada antara entropi dan entalpi, kita perlu memperkenalkan konsep baru: Energi bebas Gibbs

Energi Bebas Gibbs digunakan untuk mengukur jumlah energi yang tersedia yang dihasilkan oleh reaksi kimia. Karena reaksi biasanya bergantung pada suhu, dan terkadang bekerja jauh lebih baik pada beberapa suhu daripada suhu lainnya, nilai ΔGf° yang diketahui hanya berlaku pada suhu 25°C (298,15 K).

Mirip dengan persamaan untuk ΔH dan ΔS untuk suatu sistem, ΔG didefinisikan sebagai perbedaan antara jumlah nilai energi bebas pembentukan produk dan reaktan:

ΔG reaksi = ΣΔG produk - ΔΣG reaktan
atau disederhanakan

ΔG = ΣΔG - ΔΣG

Jika reaksi tidak spontan, ΔG-nya akan positif. Jika reaksi spontan, ΔG-nya akan negatif.

Penting untuk dicatat bahwa reaksi spontan tidak selalu berarti bahwa reaksi tertentu berlangsung dengan kecepatan tinggi. Reaksi spontan dapat memakan waktu lama untuk selesai. Contoh klasiknya adalah pengaratan logam.

Kembali ke entalpi dan entropi, kita dapat mendefinisikan hubungan antara kedua nilai ini, menghubungkannya dengan energi bebas Gibbs. Untuk semua suhu, termasuk 25°C, persamaan berikut dapat digunakan untuk menentukan spontanitas reaksi kimia:

ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

Persamaan ini hanya berlaku jika:Suhu dalam satuan Kelvin, diperoleh dengan menambahkan 273,15 ke suhu Celsius.
S reaksi diubah menjadi kJ/K.

Nilai yang dihitung untuk ΔG dianggap sebagai perkiraan, terutama karena suhu bergerak menjauh dari 25°C karena ΔH dan ΔS akan bervariasi terhadap suhu. Perubahan ΔS akan berdampak lebih kecil pada ΔG. Hal ini karena ΔS diukur dalam satuan J/K dan ketika dikonversi ke kJ/K, nilainya kecil secara numerik. Perubahan kecil pada ΔH dapat berdampak besar pada ΔG.

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Omnivista Update/Upgrade and License

https://lds.al-enterprise.com/

and choose the product 

https://lds.al-enterprise.com/ARB/loadOmniVistaLicGeneration.action





ovnmse-4.2.2.R01-115.0.el7.x86_64.rpm

https://dokuwiki.alu4u.com/doku.php?id=omnivista-offline-update

https://ovrepo.fluentnetworking.com/ov/422R01Repo/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCkfqnxVJJc&list=PLrzAZN530GJ9Xp4gTllKuxKgxab8n1hDO&index=1




https://lds.al-enterprise.com/userManual/OV%20User%20Manual.pdf

https://lds.al-enterprise.com/

http://enterprise.alcatel-lucent.com/product=OmniVista2500NetworkManagementSystem&page=overview

https://www.readkong.com/page/alcatel-lucent-omnivista-2500-network-management-system-7850243

https://community.spacewalkers.com/c/network-management/16

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrzAZN530GJ9Is4Ng8UpzL5TMs086dvcm

How to take the Galaxy 5000 UPS from total power off to normal operation

Issue:
Transitioning the Galaxy 5000 UPS from total power off to normal on-line operation.
 
Product line:
Galaxy 5000, Galaxy 5500
 
Environment:
All models, all serial numbers
 
Cause:
For various reasons, the Galaxy 5000 may be in a totally off state.  This guide illustrates how to restore it to normal operation.
 
Note: This is not for commissioning a new UPS.  The commissioning of a new UPS must be performed by a Schneider Electric trained and qualified service representative.
 
Resolution:
How to restore the Galaxy 5000 UPS from total power off to normal operation.  This procedure is for a single UPS without an external bypass panel.
 
These instructions are in the owner’s manual which can be located at http://www.apc.com/salestools/MBPN-8YPFLA/MBPN-8YPFLA_R0_EN.pdf
 
Step 1: Set the input Q1 switch to On
Step 2: Wait until the end of the UPS initialization with PFC start-up.
Step 2: Push the Menu Button
Step 3: Scroll to “Maintenance”
Step 4: Choose “Start the UPS”
Step 5: Turn the Q4S Switch to On
Step 6: Turn the output switch Q5N to On
Step 7: Turn the maintenance bypass switch Q3BP to Off
Step 8: Set the battery circuit breaker(s) QF1 to the On Position.
Step 9: Press the Green “Inverter Start Button”
The Inverter Assumes the load, and the UPS is normal operation with the load protected.
 
Caution: Never remove any covers or panels.  There are no user serviceable parts inside.

https://www.apc.com/id/en/faqs/FA336260/

Active Directory Users and Computers (ADUC)

- Open Server Manager

- Manage

- 

One or more prerequisites failed, Certificate Server is installed (PROBLEM)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jZlrvc2xiw

- Open Server Manager

- Manage 

- Remove Roles and Features

- Select server Pool and Next

- Remove/Uncheck Active Directory Certificate Service

SNMP Trap

https://www.netreo.com/blog/snmp-traps-definition-types-examples-best-practices/#:~:text=An%20SNMP%20trap%20is%20a,authentication%20or%20a%20power%20failure.

SNMP is used for managing and monitoring network devices such as routers, switches and servers.

An SNMP trap is a message that’s sent from a network device to an SNMP management system without being solicited by the system. The trap is triggered when a specific event or condition occurs on the device, such as a link going down, an authentication or a power failure.

The SNMP trap message contains information about the event or condition, such as the device and interface where the event occurred, the time the event occurred and the severity of the event.

Furthermore, SNMP traps are essential for managing network devices, since they enable the management system to be alerted to critical events in real time. Without SNMP traps, network administrators would need to manually monitor network devices for issues, which is time consuming and prone to errors. SNMP traps allow administrators to respond quickly to critical events, which can prevent network downtime and improve network performance

https://cordero.me/snmp-polling-vs-traps/

Fetch API/JSON and convert to Excel

• Use Firefox 
• Open website page with table 
•  Inspect
• Networks
• XHR
• Refresh
• Save JSON or copy the link, generally the actual file with high size 
• https://www.convertcsv.com/json-to-csv.htm

PPTP

https://www.expressvpn.com/what-is-vpn/protocols/pptp#:~:text=PPTP%20stands%20for%20Point%2Dto,all%20versions%20of%20Windows%20since.

PPTP stands for Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol. PPTP, operating on TCP port 1723, is one of the oldest VPN protocols still in use, having been around since Windows 95 and standard on all versions of Windows since. PPTP was developed by a Microsoft initiative to encapsulate another protocol called PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol).

The Simple Network Management Protocol - SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, SNMPv3

https://networkwalks.com/snmp-simple-network-management-protocol/

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a Layer-7 protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behavior. It allows devices to communicate even if the devices are different hardware and run different software.

There are two major types of devices in SNMP, they are Managed devices which are devices being managed using SNMP and Network Management Station (NMS) which could be a device or devices managing the managed devices. It could also be seen as the SNMP server.

SNMP is a Layer7 protocol (Application Layer), with a defined standard of RFC1155, RFC1157. The purpose of SNMP is for network management and has three main versions (SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, SNMPv3). SNMP agent receives requests/responses on UDP port 161, and notifications on port 162.


There are three basic operations that are used in SNMP:

• Managed devices can alert the NMS events
• NMS can ask the managed devices for info about their present state
• NMS can inform the managed devices to modify aspects of their configuration

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https://www.dpstele.com/snmp/v1-v2c-v3-difference.php

SNMPv1

SNMPv1 is the first version of SNMP. It's easy to set up, as it only requires a plain text community.

Although it accomplished its goal of being an open, standard protocol, it was found to be lacking in key areas for certain managing applications. For example, it only supports 32-bit counters and has poor security features - a community string is the only security method in the SNMPv1.

Later versions have addressed many of these problems. Smaller RTUs commonly support SNMPv1.

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SNMPv2c

The Get, GetNext, and Set operations used in SNMPv1 are identical as those used in SNMPv2c. However, SNMPv2c's key advantage over previous versions is the Inform command. Unlike Traps, which are simply received by a manager, Informs are positively acknowledged with a response message. If a manager does not reply to an Inform, the SNMP agent will resend the Inform.

Other advantages include:

• Improved error handling
• Improved SET commands

SNMPv2 security, just like for SNMPv1, comes into the form of community strings. This is a password that your devices will need to able allowed to talk to each other and transfer information when SNMP requests occur.

Also, keep in mind that not all devices are SNMPv2c compliant, so your SNMP manager should be downward compatible with SNMPv1 devices. You can also use an SNMPv3 mediation device to ensure compatibility with earlier versions.

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SNMPv3

Protocol Number and Local/Remote Port

 https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers.xhtml

In the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) [RFC791] there is a field called "Protocol" to identify the next level protocol.  This is an 8
bit field.  

In Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) [RFC8200], this field  is called the "Next Header" field.