Hazardous Area Classification (HAC)

AREA CLASSIFICATION APPLICABLE CODES

It is important to be familiar with the design codes in the applicable industry and apply them as instructed:

ANSI / NFPA STANDARDS

• NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (NEC)
• NFPA 496 Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (National Fire Codes, vol. 7)
• NFPA 497 Recommended Practice for the Classification of Flammable Liquids, Gases, or Vapors and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas (Revised and Redesigned from NFPA 497A - 1992 and part of NFPA NFPA 497M - 1991 (National Fire Codes, vol. 11)).

API RECOMMENDED PRACTICES (RP)

• API RP 500 Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2
• API RP 505 Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities as Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (IEC) STANDARD

• 60079-10 Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres - Part 10: Classification of Hazardous areas
• 60079-14 Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres - Part 14: Electrical Installations in Hazardous Areas (Other Than Mines)

Gas Scrubber 3-Phase

 

What happen with Flow and Pressure while Pipe Clogged

 

Gas Blowby Case in Scrubber??

Gas Blowby is the discharge of gas from a process component through a liquid outlet. It can be caused;

- Failure of a liquid level control system.
- Or in advertent opening of the control valve by pass.

One of the effects of gas blow by can be overpressure in a downstream component. Of course, the low level is the detectable condition that indicates gas blowby may be occurred.

Piping Abbreviate and Annex

Valve Actuator

Control Valve

 - Quick Opening Closures (QOC) are designed in order to provide a rapid access to any pressure vessel (Pig Traps, Filter)

- NC (Normally Closed)

- PSD (Production Shut-Down)

- SDV (Shut-Down Valve)

- DP (Differential Pressure)

- KO Drum (Knock-out Drum)

- MEG (Mono-Ethylene Glycol)

- MOV (Motor Operated Valve)

- HDO (Heavy Diesel Oil)

- FR (Flow Record)

- LO (Locked open)

- LOC (Loss of Containment), An unplanned or uncontrolled release of material from primary containment, including non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g., steam, hot condensate, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed air).

- Sump Tank atau tanki edar, adalah sebuah tangki yang berfungsi sebagai penyimpan pasokan minyak pelumas untuk mesin diesel yang berjenis sistem pelumasan kering.

Pipe Header and Pig Receiver/Launcher

PIPE HEADER

Pipa utama biasanya berdiameter lebih besar dari pipa pengeluaran dan pipa distribusi biasanya lebih kecil daripada pipa penggeluaran. Untuk menghubungkan sistem header ini biasanya diperlukan beberapa pelengkapan yaitu : flexible joint, check valve, gate valva dan fitting-fitting lainnya. 

Pipa HEADER, adalah pipa untuk membagi tekanan agar debit air di setiap titik kran sama tekanannya. (kebanyakan rumah di kampung termasuk rumah saya, tidak menggunakan sistem header, namun pipa dari pompa dorong/ torn langsung dicabang-cabang ke segala penjuru titik. Akibatnya, jika kran 1 dan kran 2 dibuka, maka kran 3 dan 4 bisa jadi tidak kebagian air. Bagian ini (pipa header) menjadi bagian paling penting dlm sistem plumbing.

PIG RECEIVER/LAUNCHER

A pig launcher is a system used to send a PIG through a pipeline. It uses pressure to propel the PIG out of the launcher barrel and sends it through the pipeline system. These come in a variety of sizes depending on the pipeline size. Components typically include a closure door, main line valve, kicker line valve, bleed valve, pressure gauge, drain valve, and PIG signal. The PIG signals are used on the launchers and receivers as well as various places along the pipeline. This helps the company track where in the pipeline their PIGs are located. The pig receiver is set up on the other end of the pipeline section to receive the PIG. Materials can include carbon steel, stainless steel, and even FRP.

PIG launchers are located where a PIG is to be sent into the pipeline. Likewise, PIG receivers are placed where the PIG is to be removed from the pipeline. You will find launchers and receivers all along a pipeline. It is important to depressurize the pig launcher and receiver tubes before inserting or removing the PIG to ensure safe operation.