ARP Address Resolution Protocol
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol
A client/server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway
DNS Domain Name System
Translate IP address to domain name such 192.168.1.1 to www.4edt.com
CLI Command Line Interface
FCS Frame check sequence
LAN Local Area Networks
NAT Network
Address Translation
NIC Networks Interface Card
TCP Transfer
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
UDP
VPN Virtual
Private Network, also called tunnels
WAP Wireless Access Point
The device that enables a computer to connect wirelessly to a network. A WAP is a combination of a radio transmitter and a radio receiver and has an integrated wired network port.
fa Fast Ethernet
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Local,
Remote A resource such as a
disk drive is local in your
computer, and remote for resource in another
computer.
Node A device that connects to network
Packet A message that is sent
over the network from node to node. Packet begins with a preamble, which
consists of 56 bits of alternating zero and ones.
Bus Network topology
DHCP
Server
Gateway
Server
Client
Dedicated
Server Computer only have task to
share source or working as server only.
Peer-to-peer
server Computer is working as
server, but also can working as client.
Switch is box with a bunch of
cable connector, computer on the network is connected by cable to the switch,
then the switch connects all computers to each other.
Hubs Pair networking
device.
Router A device found in
nearly all networks and used to connect two networks (your internal network and
the internet)
Firewall is an
essential component of any networks to the internet, then provide security feature.
In most cases, the function of a router in a single device called a firewall
router.
Wireless router in small home/office, a single
device has function as firewall, router, WAP, and switch.
Tapping Single cable between node.
Backbone The bus that connect the switches
Header
Trailer A trailer or footer refers to supplemental
data (metadata) placed at end of block of data being stored or transmitter,
which may contain information for the handling of the data block, or simply
mark the block’s end.
Parsing
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Preamble A network communications signal that
synchronizes data transmission between two or more computer systems. Preamble
is one of part of an ethernet data frame’s contents (Layer 1), define as the
contents of a single data packet transmitted over an Ethernet connection.
Consist of 56 bits of alternating ones and zeros.
Start-of-frame marker SoF/SFD is a single byte that indicates that
the frame is about to begin.
Destination MAC add 6-bytes
Sender MAC add 6-bytes
Tag The
tag is used to support virtual local area (VLANs) and it is optional.
Ethertype 2-bytes, this field indicates the specific protocol that is contained in
the payload.
Payload In data transmission, Payload is also called as body. The payload
contains the actual data being sent by the packet from 46-1500 bytes. If the sent packet is longer than
1500 bytes, the information must be broken into more packet, sent separately,
and then reassembled when packet reach their destination.
FCS is 4-bytes, used to ensure that the frame data sent correctly.
Basically, the interface that sends the packet uses an algorithm to calculate a
4-bytes number based on the contents of the frame and saves this number in the
FCS field.
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Collision Packet When two or more interface are shared
on a single cable, there is have possibility the information sent in same time,
and between packets will be destroyed in the process and need to be sent again.
- Router
- Switch Layer 2 (where focus on MAC address)
- ARP
- SW3 or CS (focus on IP address)
- ICMPv4 or ICMPv6
- Transport Protocol (TCP/UDP)
- .
- Presentation Protocol
- Application Protocol