IP network, IP Broadcast, IP range, Subnetting

 https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/number/ascii-hex-bin-dec-converter.html

Subnetting is technic used to separated network to several sub network, this subnetting is used to facilitate admin to control the network.

IP address is divided into several class A, B, and C (for IPv4), then the Private and Public IP address. IPv4 is 32 bits made up of four octets of 8 bits

There is also have subnet mask

255 (Decimal) = 11111111 (Binary)
252 (Decimal) = 11111100 (Binary)

Example:
IP 192.168.0.1 and Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 (Decimal) = 1111111.1111111.1111111.0 (Binary) = if we count to be 24
So, 192.16.0.1/24

IP 192.168.0.1 and Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192
the subnet mask 255.255.255.192 (Decimal) = 1111111.1111111.1111111.11000000 (Binary) = if we count to be 26
So, 192.16.0.1/26

IPv6 is 128 bits with 8 field, thus 1 field = 16 bits (2001:0db8:3c4d:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:1a2b)

..

Abbreviation of IPv6 if the 16 bits field contains of Zero field 0000, then it will be shorted with two-colon (::).

Example: 

2001:0db8:3c4d:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:1a2b to be 2001:db8:3c4d:15::1a2f:1a2b

2001:0db8:3c4d:0015:0000:d234:3eee:0000 to be 2001:db8:3c4d:15:0:d234:3eee::